What are the safety regulations for using turnstiles in transportation hubs?

一, Equipment safety standards
1. Mechanical structural strength requirements
The General Safety Requirements for Small and Medium sized Rotating Electrical Machines (GB/T 14711-2013) state that the rotating arm of the rotary gate has to resist a static load test of at least 200N and cannot incur permanent deformation following 100000 consecutive cycles of testing. The turnstile arm of the gate in Tianjin Metro Line 3 must undertake a simulated impact test at 1.5 times the rated load to guarantee that its structural strength satisfies the criteria of high passenger flow situations.
2. Electrical safety regulations
The turnstile's electrical system has to satisfy "Code for Design of Low Voltage Power Distribution" (GB 50054-2011) criteria:
Motor insulation resistance > 1M Ω evaluated with a 500V megohmmeter
Grounding resistance less than four Ω
Power cord cross-sectional area at least 2.5mm ² (copper core)
All gates in Xi'an Metro's equipment upgrade in 2022 must be fitted with leakage protection devices with an operational current of less than 30mA and a response time of less than 0.1 seconds.
3. Anti pinch protection mechanism
Clearly stated in the "Safety Regulations for Urban Rail Transit Operation" (GB/T 38474-2019) is the need of installing a flexible buffer device at the end of the revolving arm with a compression deformation of ≥ 15mm.
Response time of anti-pinch sensors less than 50ms
Minimum emergency braking distance: 100mm
Dual protection of laser radar and pressure sensors was embraced in the redevelopment of Shanghai Hongqiao Hub in 2021, thereby lowering the pinch injury accident rate to 0.002%.
二, Installation and commissioning specifications
1. Channel size standard
The "Code for Accessibility Design" (GB 5063-2012) states that transportation hub gate passances should satisfy the following criteria:
Minimum width: 550mm (regular channel)
Wheelchair pass distance more than 900mm
Slope grade no more than 1:12
Beijing Daxing International Airport added double-sided handrails and uniformly widened its international departure gate channel to 900mm when it opened in 2019.
2. Needs for installation sites
The Construction Standards for Urban Rail Transit Engineering Projects (Jian Biao 104-2008) state that the gate group's distance from the wall is at least 1.2 meters.
Adjacent gate distances range from 0.8 meters.
There should be a manual release mechanism in the gate at the evacuation route.
The entry gate group of Guangzhou South Station's 2022 restoration will be relocated 1.5 meters to guarantee that the fire escape's breadth satisfies regulations.
3. Debugging and acceptance process
To Finish:
Test for 48 hours of constant operation
Testing opening and closing durability ten thousand times
Verification of the emergency braking ability
infrared radiation sensor calibration
Three percent of the turnstiles at Chengdu East Station in 2023 revealed sensor offset problems during equipment acceptance. Their approval passed following re-debugging.
三, Use and operation guidelines
1. Passenger Code of Conduct
Specifically forbid under the Tianjin Rail Transit Management Regulations:
Track through the gate.
Crossing the revolving arm
forcefully bursting through the fence with bulky goods
Children just pass through the gate.
Statistics from Nanjing South Station in 2022 show that unlawful operations caused 42% of gate failures; youngsters breaking through gates accounted for 18%.
2. Responsibilities of Staff
Help customers to swipe their cards properly.
Timely manage trailing alarms.
Review the equipment situation often.
Plan regular emergency drills.
Following the "three inspections and one patrol" system's introduction at Shenzhen North Station in 2021, gate problem response times have dropped to just three minutes.
3. Special scenario handling
Women who are pregnant or disabled people: activate broad channel mode
Big bags: advised to be passed manually.
Sudden illness: start an emergency release right away.
Power outage: Open every gate in ten seconds
The gate mechanism of Zhengzhou East Railway Station will be released in the entire channel within 8 seconds after power outage, thereby guaranteeing the safe evacuation of more than 3000 passengers during the rainstorm there.
4, Maintenance requirements
1. Daily inspection items
rotating arm fastening bolt with torque more than 25N · m.
Sensor cleanliness with infrared transmittance above ninety percent
Motor temperature less than 75 ℃
integrity of anti-pinch rubber strips
The maintenance records of Hangzhou East Station in 2022 show that the false alert rate resulting from sensor dust collection was as high as 15% which dropped to 2% following daily cleaning.
2. Cycles of regular maintenance
Everyday: functional testing
Each week: mechanical lubrication
Every month: testing of electrical insulation
Quarterly: Whole machine performance calibrations
Turnstile yearly failure rate has dropped from 0.8% to 0.2% following the "preventive maintenance" adoption at Changsha South Station in 2023.
3. Maintenance qualification requirements
The Special Equipment Safety Law states that gate maintenance operators have to be:
Third level certifications for mechanical and electrical equipment installation and maintenance
More than three duly qualified technical assistants
Annual inspection certified safety tools
Shanghai Metro looked at and handled seven cases of unqualified maintenance in 2021; the units concerned were fined five0000 to 100000 yuan.
Security Speed Gate Turnstile