What is the working principle of the revolving gate in sports venues?

一, Mechanical structure: the main part that carries rotational motion
The turnstile's mechanical part has two primary parts: the structural frame and the movement. The way it is made directly influences how long it lasts and how well it moves people.
1. Structural frame: the base that holds and protects
The structural frame is composed of high-strength stainless steel or aluminium alloy and needs to be able to handle the mechanical stress that comes from thousands of people passing through it every day. For example, the box height of a full-height rotating gate is normally 2.2 meters, which makes a physical barrier that stops people from climbing or overturning. Anodizing is used to protect the box's surface from environmental damage such salt spray and UV radiation. This can make the box last for more than 10 years.

2. Movement: The source of power for rotating motion
The movement is the most important part of the gate, and it operates with the following parts:

Motor: It uses a DC brushless servo motor that is quiet (≤ 50dB) and has a lot of torque (≥ 2N · m). It can also change speed very precisely, from 0.2 to 1.2 seconds per revolution. For instance, during the busiest times for event entry, the motor can speed up to 0.5 seconds each revolution to make traffic flow better.
Transmission shaft: A gear set sends power from the motor to the door body, which then turns. The design of the gear module needs to find a compromise between wear resistance and transmission efficiency. It should last for more than 50 million cycles.
Electromagnetic coil: controls the locking and unlocking of the positioning arm. It responds in less than 0.1 seconds, so the gate closes right away if someone tries to break in.
The compact optocoupler board has two infrared sensors that can detect 360° with no dead angles. It can also position the gate with an accuracy of ± 0.5°. This stops the gate from rotating too much or too little.
3. Rotating door body: the part that controls traffic
The door body is made out of 3 to 4 hollow stainless steel pipes arranged in a "cross" or "ya" shape. Each pipe has a diameter of at least 60mm and can handle an impact force of 150kg. An encoder keeps track of the door body's rotation angle in real time to make sure it goes back to its original position exactly after each passing.

二, Control system: the brain that makes smart decisions
The turnstile's control system is based on an industrial-grade main control board that combines power management, signal processing, and logic control. It has three steps in its workflow:

1. The first step is to start the process.
When you attach the electricity, the main control board checks itself:

Check the battery status (make sure it can keep working for at least two hours after the power goes out)
Check to see if external devices like optocoupler boards and electromagnets can talk to each other.
Set the gate's initial position (calibrated to zero position using encoder feedback)
Once the self-check is done, the left and right positioning arms lock on their own and the device goes into standby mode.
2. Stage of traffic control
The primary control board runs the following logic when the user sends an opening signal, like swiping a card, recognizing a face, or scanning a QR code:

Checking permissions: To check that user rights are legitimate, communicate with the ticketing system via TCP/IP or RS485.
Instructions for opening: To close the relay, turn on the electromagnetic iron to open the positioning arm. At the same time, turn on the motor to make the door body turn 90°.
Timing of the pass: The default time to pass is 10 seconds. The gate will automatically reset if no user pass is found after the timeout.
Anti-tailgating detection: Infrared sensors keep an eye on the number of persons in the channel in real time. When more than one person is seen going through at the same moment, an alarm goes out right away and the gate locks.
3. The phase of responding to an emergency
The control system immediately shifts to emergency mode when there is a power outage or a fire.

The battery-powered drive motor makes the gate turn to a typically open position.
Make sure that delivering evacuation signals to the fire protection system is in sync.
Keep the last 1000 travel records for future reference
三, Security mechanism: a guarantee system with many layers of protection
The following technologies make turnstiles safe:

1. Protection from harm
Anti-pinch design: A flexible rubber strip wraps around the edge of the door and has a built-in pressure sensor. When it senses a resistance of 50N or more, it turns right away in the other direction.
Anti-collision structure: The movement shell is built of thickened steel plate that can handle the impact of items weighing 10 kg at a speed of 5 m/s without changing shape.
Anti-climbing design: The top of the full-height gate is closed, and the bottom is < 100mm off the ground, so it can't tip over.
2. Protection from electronics
Infrared matrix: Six pairs of infrared sensors make up a three-dimensional detection network that can see things that are 0.3 meters above the ground.
Logical interlock: If any sensor goes wrong while the gate is turning, the emergency brakes will kick in.
Data encryption: The AES-128 technique is used to encrypt and preserve traffic records so that they can't be changed.
3. Adapting to the environment
IP54 level protection makes it waterproof and dustproof, so it's great for outdoor events.
Temperature compensation: The motor has a built-in temperature sensor that automatically changes the operational settings between -30 °C and 85 °C.
四, Intelligent linkage: an addition to comprehensive scene management
Modern turnstiles have gone beyond only controlling access and now work closely with venue management systems through open API interfaces.

1. Connection of the ticketing system
Connect to the Zhongding ticketing administration system, which allows for many windows to sell tickets at the same time, mobile ticket verification, and facial recognition for entry.
Counting the number of people in real time and automatically sending a flow limit alert when the venue is 90% full.
2. Linking the security system
Connected to the video surveillance system, it automatically records and sends alerts to security terminals when blacklisted people walk by.
Combine the data from the X-ray security inspection machine, and shut the gate right away if any illegal objects are found.
3. Connecting the fire prevention system
Within 0.2 seconds of getting the signal from the fire control host, open all the gates and turn off the electricity.
A personnel evacuation report will be automatically made after the evacuation is over. It will include the last time and place of passing.